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During a high-level diplomatic visit to Singapore, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz delivered a clear message about the evolving international landscape. Speaking at a multilateral forum, Merz underscored that the erosion of the global order—defined by declining trust in institutions, rising geopolitical fragmentation, and the weakening of international norms—demands that middle powers in Europe and Asia adopt more assertive roles in shaping global governance.
Merz’s remarks, reported by Deutsche Welle, come at a time when global alliances are being redefined, and traditional power structures are being challenged by both emerging economies and shifting regional dynamics. His comments reflect a broader strategic shift within European foreign policy, where Germany is positioning itself not only as a key economic player but also as a diplomatic catalyst for stability in a fragmented world order.
Contextualizing the Global Order Erosion
The concept of a 'global order' refers to the established framework of international institutions, agreements, and norms that govern state interactions. This includes bodies such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and international legal systems that ensure cooperation, dispute resolution, and shared standards.
Merz identified several key indicators of this erosion: declining adherence to multilateral agreements, increased unilateralism in foreign policy, and the rise of non-state actors—such as multinational corporations and digital platforms—that operate beyond traditional state oversight. These developments, he noted, undermine the predictability and reliability essential for international trade and security.
While the erosion is not a new phenomenon, Merz emphasized that its pace and scope have accelerated in recent years. The post-Cold War era, which saw a relatively stable international system with clear power balances, has given way to a more multipolar and contested environment. This shift has prompted a reevaluation of how middle powers—countries with significant influence but not dominant military or economic power—can contribute to global stability.
Germany’s Strategic Positioning
Germany, as the largest economy in Europe and a central player in the European Union, has long advocated for a rules-based international order. Its foreign policy has traditionally emphasized diplomacy, economic cooperation, and institutional engagement over military confrontation.
Merz’s visit to Singapore—a key hub in Asia with strong economic and strategic ties—was not merely symbolic. It signaled a deliberate effort to strengthen bilateral and multilateral ties between Europe and Asia. The choice of Singapore, a nation that has long served as a bridge between the Western and Asian worlds, reflects Germany’s intent to foster dialogue between Europe and Asia on shared challenges.
During the visit, Merz reiterated Germany’s commitment to free trade, open competition, and reliable supply chains. These principles are not only economic but also serve as pillars of a stable international system. In a world where supply chain disruptions and trade barriers have become more frequent, such values are seen as essential for maintaining global economic resilience.
Role of Middle Powers in a Fragmented World
Merz specifically highlighted the importance of middle powers—such as Germany, Japan, South Korea, and India—as stabilizing forces in global affairs. These nations, while not possessing the military or economic dominance of superpowers like the United States or China, possess the capacity to mediate disputes, promote norms, and build consensus through diplomacy.
By advocating for greater assertiveness, Merz is suggesting that middle powers must move beyond passive participation in international affairs. This includes taking a more active role in shaping international rules, supporting multilateral institutions, and resisting protectionist policies that could deepen divisions.
For example, in trade policy, middle powers can act as facilitators by promoting transparency, reducing regulatory barriers, and ensuring fair competition. In security matters, they can help build confidence through dialogue and joint initiatives, especially in regions where tensions are rising.
Free Trade and the Rules-Based Order
At the heart of Merz’s message is the idea that free trade, grounded in open competition and institutional reliability, is a cornerstone of a functioning global order. He emphasized that such a system not only benefits individual economies but also strengthens global cooperation and reduces the risk of conflict.
Free trade, in this context, is not about unregulated markets but about markets governed by transparent rules and mutual accountability. This includes adherence to intellectual property rights, fair labor standards, and environmental regulations—elements that are increasingly scrutinized in global supply chains.
Merz did not offer specific policy proposals during the visit, but his statements align with Germany’s broader economic strategy. The German government has long supported initiatives such as the EU’s Trade and Investment Framework and the Digital Economy Strategy, both of which aim to strengthen economic ties while maintaining high standards of governance.
Implications for Europe-Asia Relations
The dialogue between Germany and Singapore, while focused on economic cooperation, carries broader implications for Europe-Asia relations. As Asia becomes more economically and politically influential, Europe seeks to maintain its relevance by deepening partnerships with key Asian economies.
Germany’s emphasis on a rules-based order resonates with Singapore’s own foreign policy, which has long championed multilateralism and economic interdependence. This alignment suggests a potential for deeper collaboration in areas such as digital trade, climate policy, and supply chain resilience.
Moreover, the visit may signal a shift in how Europe views its role in Asia. Historically, European engagement in Asia has been more transactional—focused on trade and investment—than on shared values or long-term strategic partnerships. Merz’s remarks suggest a move toward a more values-driven, cooperative approach.
Challenges and Limitations
Despite the optimism in Merz’s message, several challenges remain. First, the global order is not monolithic; different regions and actors interpret the rules of international engagement in divergent ways. For instance, while Europe and Singapore advocate for multilateralism, other regions may prioritize national sovereignty or economic self-reliance.
Second, the effectiveness of middle powers in shaping global norms depends on their ability to act collectively. Germany, for example, operates within the EU, which has internal divisions on foreign policy. Similarly, Singapore, while a strong economic partner, is a small state with limited influence on global decision-making.
Finally, the erosion of the global order is not solely a result of policy failures. It is also driven by structural shifts—such as technological change, climate change, and demographic trends—that affect how states interact and cooperate. Merz’s call for assertiveness must therefore be seen within this broader context of transformation.
While the German government has not provided a timeline or roadmap for how middle powers will become more assertive, the message is clear: stability in the 21st century will depend not on the dominance of a few powers, but on the collective ability of middle powers to uphold shared values and institutional frameworks.
Future Outlook and Policy Pathways
Looking ahead, Germany’s advocacy for a rules-based order may influence future EU foreign policy initiatives. For instance, the European Commission could use Merz’s statements as a foundation for proposals on trade agreements, digital governance, or climate cooperation with Asia.
Additionally, Germany may play a more active role in multilateral forums such as the Asia-Europe Meeting (AEM) or the G20, where it can promote the principles of free trade and institutional reliability. These platforms provide opportunities for middle powers to engage in dialogue and build consensus on shared goals.
For Asia, the message from Merz offers both encouragement and a challenge. Countries like Japan and South Korea, which already have strong economic ties with Europe, may see increased opportunities to deepen cooperation. However, they will also need to balance these partnerships with their own domestic priorities and regional dynamics.
Ultimately, Merz’s speech represents a strategic pivot in European foreign policy—one that moves beyond economic engagement to emphasize the role of middle powers as architects of a stable, rules-based world. While the full impact of this shift remains to be seen, it signals a growing recognition that global stability is not a function of power alone, but of shared norms, cooperation, and mutual accountability.